Post-import price adjustments and transfer pricing: US, WCO and EU perspectives

One of the most pressing questions in customs valuation arises in situations where prices have not been fixed at the time of sale or at the time of importation, but are instead subject to the possibility of a post-importation determination by means of adjustments made under a formula. A more precise question is whether such provisional or formula-based prices can be accepted under the transaction value method. What if the situation concerns related parties? This article seeks to answer these questions by examining US, WCO and EU legal developments.